Ads
Monday, 6 November 2017
Recent very hot summers in northern hemispheric land areas measured by wet bulb globe temperature will be the norm within 20 years
Recent very hot summers in northern hemispheric land areas measured by wet bulb globe temperature will be the norm within 20 years
Wet bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) accounts for the effect of environmental temperature and humidity on thermal comfort, and can be directly related to the ability of the human body to dissipate excess metabolic heat and thus avoid heat stress. Using WBGT as a measure of environmental conditions conducive to heat stress, we show that anthropogenic influence has very substantially increased the likelihood of extreme high summer mean WBGT in northern hemispheric land areas relative to the climate that would have prevailed in the absence of anthropogenic forcing. We estimate that the likelihood of summer mean WGBT exceeding the observed historical record value has increased by a factor of at least 70 at regional scales due to anthropogenic influence on the climate. We further estimate that, in most northern hemispheric regions, these changes in the likelihood of extreme summer mean WBGT are roughly an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding changes in the likelihood of extreme hot summers as simply measured by surface air temperature. Projections of future summer mean WBGT under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario that are constrained by observations indicate that by 2030s at least 50% of the summers will have mean WBGT higher than the observed historical record value in all the analyzed regions, and that this frequency of occurrence will increase to 95% by mid-century.
Getting hotter and hotter
- wong chee tat :)
Wet bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) accounts for the effect of environmental temperature and humidity on thermal comfort, and can be directly related to the ability of the human body to dissipate excess metabolic heat and thus avoid heat stress. Using WBGT as a measure of environmental conditions conducive to heat stress, we show that anthropogenic influence has very substantially increased the likelihood of extreme high summer mean WBGT in northern hemispheric land areas relative to the climate that would have prevailed in the absence of anthropogenic forcing. We estimate that the likelihood of summer mean WGBT exceeding the observed historical record value has increased by a factor of at least 70 at regional scales due to anthropogenic influence on the climate. We further estimate that, in most northern hemispheric regions, these changes in the likelihood of extreme summer mean WBGT are roughly an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding changes in the likelihood of extreme hot summers as simply measured by surface air temperature. Projections of future summer mean WBGT under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario that are constrained by observations indicate that by 2030s at least 50% of the summers will have mean WBGT higher than the observed historical record value in all the analyzed regions, and that this frequency of occurrence will increase to 95% by mid-century.
Getting hotter and hotter
- wong chee tat :)
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
- wong chee tat :)
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
- wong chee tat :)
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
- wong chee tat :)
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
- wong chee tat :)
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
- wong chee tat :)
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
Homage to the 36 trillion, 119 thousand, 500 Amitabha Buddhas
- wong chee tat :)
Blog Updates: Minor updates:
Blog Updates: Minor updates:
- Update labels
Will continue to make minor improvements for this blog!
- wong chee tat :)
- Update labels
Will continue to make minor improvements for this blog!
- wong chee tat :)
Audacity 2.2.0
New in Audacity 2.2.0:
Major new features – see updated manual for details:
Four supplied user interface themes, and customizability of themes for advanced users (thanks to James Crook and the Dark Audacity project)
Playback of MIDI files (fully automatic on Windows; requires cooperating software synthesizer programs on macOs or Linux; special thanks to Audacity co-founder Roger Dannenberg and new contributor “pokechu22”)
Better organized menus
Help link buttons in many dialogs lead to the relevant manual pages
Changed in Audacity 2.2.0:
198 bugs/annoyances in 2.1.3 fixed, most importantly:
Improved recovery from full file system errors; in case of recording, Audacity 2.2.0 will preserve as much of the recorded data as possible
Complete support for macOS 10.12 (Sierra)
Thorough update of the manual with new images, more hover texts, and more cross-references.
Fuller details on the changes since 2.1.3 can be found in the 2.2.0 Release Notes.
Thanks to all involved in making this release, especially translators and testers who don’t normally get enough thanks for the work they do.
- wong chee tat :)
Major new features – see updated manual for details:
Four supplied user interface themes, and customizability of themes for advanced users (thanks to James Crook and the Dark Audacity project)
Playback of MIDI files (fully automatic on Windows; requires cooperating software synthesizer programs on macOs or Linux; special thanks to Audacity co-founder Roger Dannenberg and new contributor “pokechu22”)
Better organized menus
Help link buttons in many dialogs lead to the relevant manual pages
Changed in Audacity 2.2.0:
198 bugs/annoyances in 2.1.3 fixed, most importantly:
Improved recovery from full file system errors; in case of recording, Audacity 2.2.0 will preserve as much of the recorded data as possible
Complete support for macOS 10.12 (Sierra)
Thorough update of the manual with new images, more hover texts, and more cross-references.
Fuller details on the changes since 2.1.3 can be found in the 2.2.0 Release Notes.
Thanks to all involved in making this release, especially translators and testers who don’t normally get enough thanks for the work they do.
- wong chee tat :)
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)